List of publications on a keyword: «substance use»

Currently, a lot of researches devoted to the study of the relationship between disorders of impulse control and addictive pathology are published. Attempts to isolate behavioral addictions into a separate group of addictive disorders make it necessary to assess impulsivity and impulse control disorders at different stages of formation, both behavioral and substance use addictions in a new way. This review is based on the results of research and analysis of existing models of addictive disorders, where the dominant position is given to impulsivity and impulse control disorders as predictors of addictive pathology. It contributes to most forms of aberrant management and other disorders included in the current classifications (DSM-V, ICD-10). In our opinion, many existing models of addictive pathology of impulsivity and impulse control disorders is given undeservedly little attention, which in the end leads to an incorrect assessment of substance and behavioral addictions. A model of development of addictive disorders is proposed, where the disorder of impulse control is given a decisive place in the question of «to be or not to be» addictive pathology.

The article points out that the existence of the problem of double diagnoses (DD) in psychiatry and addictology means recognizing the fact that «addiction» is a mental illness and, therefore, a brain disorder. There are common areas in the brain that are responsible for the formation of addictive pathology and for the development of other mental illnesses. It explains the high comorbidity between disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, and other mental illnesses. The factors of predisposition to the development of addictive pathology include: family burden with addictive pathology, early onset of use of psychoactive substances, social stress situation, and mental illness. The artificial separation of psychiatry and addictology into two services in Russia is a historical mistake. A new paradigm of dependent disorders emphasizes the need to create a special section on double disorders, with the revision of this archaic model.

One of the most common classes among new psychoactive substances are substituted cathinones. The most popular substances among consumers, representatives of this class, are mephedrone and methylone. In this review, the accumulated scientific data on clinical effects, side effects, mechanisms of action associated with the use of methylone and mephedrone are systematized. When writing the review, two representative databases were used to find the scientific sources of PubMed and Google Scholar. The authors also used data from the site Erowid Center (non-profit educational organization in the United States, which provides information on psychoactive plants and chemicals). The literature search was conducted between 2005 and 2015.