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The article discusses the position of Russian science in the 1990s, which, in this period, due to the lack of financial support from the state, was in a deplorable condition, because it did not have alternative livelihood. The support from the American exchange and research programs and funds actually became the main base for survival to many research areas in our country in this period, especially in the Humanities. In the article the author points out positive aspects of the activities of U.S. exchange programs and foundations that contributed to the survival and, in some cases, the establishment and development of new research directions, especially in the Humanities and public sphere. In addition, thanks to the American programs, there was an exchange of experiences and ideas between representatives of the research communities of Russia and the USA. However, despite overall positive effect from the activities of U.S. programs and funds in our country in the 1990s, there were also negative factors. The main of them was the so-called «brain drain» as a result of which, many Russian researchers, through exchange programs, once abroad, preferred to remain and continue their research activities outside of Russia.

The authors reviewed the activity of the League of Arab States in the field of youth policy. The article discusses the problem of regional youth policy development and stresses the importance of the activities of the League in the field of social and political youth mobilization.