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The article discusses the dependence of the psychological structure of the living on conditions of people in the appropriate age; considers the dominance of specific character traits and values of the ancient Greeks of the classical period; describes the worldview and mentality of the Greeks in the specified period. The concept of collective responsibility. Paris as a collective image of the ancient Greeks. Respect for labour. The cult of beauty of the naked body. Gradual disclaimer out the offerings. Tolerance of homosexuality. The humane attitude to slaves. Intelligent competitiveness.

Oirats who came to the steppes of the Lower Volga region had a diverse ethnic composition, including Oirat, Turkic and Mongolian by origin groups. Many Turkic ethnic groups of the Sayano-Altai were included in the Oirats in the period of the Dzungarian Khanate. The analysis of materials on the ethnic group in the subethnos of the Kalmyk derbets allows one to draw conclusions about the Turkic origin of the group, which is also preserved in the legend of the ancestor of the genus. Comparative material on the Turkic peoples confirms our conclusions.

Social psychology approach to cultural dynamics used by the authors formed within the framework of the cultural and historical concept is a comparative analysis of cultural-historical process that helps to identify its main characteristic features of a particular cultural community, which are the most sustainable socio-cultural entities (cultural forms) and perform translation-communication function of the culture impact on personality development and social relations. The authors concluded that cultural forms were the main determinants of socio-cultural identification with internal mechanism – cultural forms of thinking