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The research is devoted to a very important and complex cultural problem – cultural structure. The work examines different approaches to this issue and analyzes the views of cultural studies and sociology classics. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of ideas of F.F. Zelinsky, J. Murdock, L. White, C. Wissler and other scientists. The author offers his own solution to this problem.

In the present work the author examines the causes of the Soviet collapse. As the researcher of this work marks, the answer must be sought by analyzing the impact of the country's leadership decisions on the potential viability of the state. It is the implementation of non-power plans and methods of destruction Soviet State scrapie led to a geopolitical disaster, the consequences of which will affect many generations of the citizens of the former USSR.

The concept of «indigenous peoples» is the subject of this study. Authors conducts legal and ethnological analysis of the constitutional-legal category of «indigenous peoples», where it examines the constituent elements of this category: ethnos, nation, indigenous people, indigenous ethnic communities, national minorities. Interest is held by authors of the content-analysis in relation to the concept of «indigenous people». Based on these data, authors has rightly formulated the most comprehensive definition of «indigenous people». At the same time, the study for each collective subject of ethnic relations has provided the opportunity to formulate insights that can be useful for further in-depth study of this scientific sphere, in particular, establishing in law the definition of «national minorities».

This article discusses one method of cash flow management companies – their prediction on the basis of the trend model. Cash Flow Forecasting provides the ability to save the daily solvency of the enterprise, to extract additional profit at the expense of emerging investment of temporarily free financial resources.

Qualitative upgrade of Russian society and the changes in the world educational space defined an objective need for harmonization of the national education system. The ongoing processes equally apply to all levels of education – from preschool to higher education. Unification of the preschool educational organizations habitual until recently was replaced by their variety, variability of educational programs, introduction of new technologies. The concept «educational institution» is changed to the new concept «educational organization». The approaches considered in article open the separate sides of the problem of management of the preschool educational organization in the conditions of transition to new conditions of independent managing. Authors pays attention to a contradiction between the developed traditional control system and need of changes of the relations providing the new nature of management in a format of cooperation, partnership, autonomous responsibility for the made decisions. Analysis of literary sources (T.P. Kolodyazhnaya, V.S. Lazarev, M.M. Potashnik, L.L. Meyer, L.S. Markov, P.I. Tretyakov, K.Y. White, T.I. Shamova, I.P. Kapustin and others.) has allowed authors to identify the specifics of the management activity of preschool educational organizations, the implementation of the operation strategies, development of education in preschool educational institution. Authors draws attention on research positions in the definition of «development program for preschool educational institution», as well as considers the management cycle of preschool organizations, describing the sequence of its stages. This article compares the position of both domestic and foreign researchers. In conclusion, it is defined that preschool management of the organization is a process that represents a set of continuous interrelated management functions and activities (actions and operations).

The author discusses the aspects of marketing development in the country, its evolution and transformation. Marketing as a science appeared in the Russian Federation after the transition state structure from a centralized to a market system. The very novelty of the subject, and especially a large flow of information, marketing in education very often leads even the experts are stumped, not to mention those who only starts to study this discipline. The challenge now facing us is to convey more detailed information and at the same time in reasonable form.

The elimination or reduction of any kind of risk is an important condition for a technical college development; the author believes that environmental risks are a complex pedagogical category related to environmental educational surrounding, the effectiveness of which is shown while decision-making in a particular environmental risk situation. Definition of environmental risks reduction criteria in ecological educational environment allows the administration of the university to take based relations for improving the quality of environmental training among students to improve their health. The sources of environmental risks in technical colleges are accidents, uncertainty, probability and inconsistency of the educational environment. With regard to the specifics of marine technical education, this problem gains particular importance, since cadets (students) during teaching process must learn how to work in extreme conditions – high-risk and responsibility conditions. Based on the fact that ecological educational environment of marine technical university acts as a guarantor of risk minimization criteria of efficiency and environmental risk reduction factors are defined. Creation of score-rating system for assessing the environment knowledge among students depending on ecological educational conditions of a technical college permits all the participants of the educational process to make ecologically reasoned and thoughtful solutions for high-quality training of cadets (students).

The study is devoted to the analysis of theory and practice of training specialists in the sphere of customs matter. The analysis includes experience of Russian Federation, countries of the Eurasian region, as well as UK, Germany, and Lithuania. The research was done on the basis of a complex approach and methodological pluralism. The research is new and relevant. It takes into account the modern integration processes and the prospects of creating a unified educational space.