List of publications on a keyword: «addiction»

In today's world, the Internet is developing dynamically. On its basis, a special socio-cultural environment is created with its own specific content as a special social space. In this regard, the role and importance of the class teacher as a teacher-mentor, his active participation in the formation of new values and social relations in adolescents in organized activities, including in the prevention of Internet addiction, is increasing

The scientific literature contains many definitions of health, among which the most common are the following: 1) a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being; 2) a set of physical and spiritual abilities possessed by the organism, personality; 3) an integral multidimensional dynamic state that allows a person to exercise his biological and social functions to varying degrees.

The article is devoted to the one of acute problems of society, that is smartphone addiction, because in recent decades, «smart» devices become ingrained in everyday lives of almost every person. The sphere of interest of many scientific studies is the study of «high-tech» addictions. One of the particular forms of this type of addictive disorder is smartphone addiction. Currently, there is an expansive increase in the prevalence of smartphones on various hardware and software platforms. The authors of the article wonder whether smartphone addiction can be a form of behavioral addiction or it can be considered a part of the «problematic» use by healthy people? To solve this problem, this review examines the correlation relationship between substantive and behavioral addictions based on existing criteria for diagnosing addictive disorders, and also outlines the socio-cultural boundaries of smartphones use.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the problem of Internet addiction, which includes the following issues: the boundaries of diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, epidemiology data, neurobiological studies, comorbidity, existing approaches to therapy. In the past of two decades, there was an increase in publications devoted to the phenomenon of Internet addiction. Despite the existing disagreements in the professional environment about the validity of the very concept of «Internet addiction», every year there was several studies in the field of neurobiology, psychology, clinical psychiatry, proving that Internet addiction is a particular variant of behavioral addictive disorders. In the recent years, Internet addiction has gained special significance in a number of Asian countries (China, South Korea), where this type of pathology is becoming a national problem among young people.

Currently, a lot of researches devoted to the study of the relationship between disorders of impulse control and addictive pathology are published. Attempts to isolate behavioral addictions into a separate group of addictive disorders make it necessary to assess impulsivity and impulse control disorders at different stages of formation, both behavioral and substance use addictions in a new way. This review is based on the results of research and analysis of existing models of addictive disorders, where the dominant position is given to impulsivity and impulse control disorders as predictors of addictive pathology. It contributes to most forms of aberrant management and other disorders included in the current classifications (DSM-V, ICD-10). In our opinion, many existing models of addictive pathology of impulsivity and impulse control disorders is given undeservedly little attention, which in the end leads to an incorrect assessment of substance and behavioral addictions. A model of development of addictive disorders is proposed, where the disorder of impulse control is given a decisive place in the question of «to be or not to be» addictive pathology.

Appearing not long ago, new psychoactive substances (designer drugs), including synthetic cannabinoids, derivatives of cathinone, phenethylamines, new stimulants, synthetic opioids, tryptamine derivatives, phencyclidine, piperazine, the GABA (A/B) receptors agonists, have become a serious problem for consumers and for physicians. Consumers of these substances are attracted primarily by the intensity of psychoactive effects, and the «legal high» declared by the black manufacturers, which indicates that significant difficulties in a laboratory identification of new surfactants. Designer drugs, when ingested, can be influenced on many neurotransmitter pathways/receptors: dopamine, cannabinoid (CB1), GABA (A/B), 5-HT2A, glutamate, and k-opioid receptors (KOR), the imbalance of which leads to the development of polymorphic psychotic disorders.

This article tells about the phenomenon of dependence on social networks. Said phenomenon is not formally recognized as a diagnosis in the existing classifications of mental and behavioral disorders. At the same time, the dynamics of the development of dependence on social networks has much in common with the «classical» addictive disorders. The following symptoms and syndromes can be distinguished in the structure of dependence on social networks: craving, mental discomfort with the affective component, growth of tolerance, withdrawal syndrome, salience, relapse. The process of formation of dependence on social networks is influenced by a combination of neurobiological, individual, and also social factors, which allow understanding the mechanisms of the formation of the disorder and developing approaches to treatment.

Compulsive shopping, or compulsive buying disorders (CBD in English-language literature) is characterized by excessive, unnecessary spending, also known stereotypical «consumer behavior», which entails the development of various emotional disturbances and economic problems. The prevalence of disorder varies widely among countries and depends on socio-economic and cultural factors. Scattered data for Russia does not allow to reliably estimate the scale of the problem. Comorbidity of compulsive shopping is associated with various mental disorders: affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, and other pathology of impulse control. The generality of the pathogenetic mechanisms, the clinical picture, the treatment approaches makes it possible to attribute compulsive shopping to one of the variants of non-chemical dependence.

Issues related to the prevention of chemical dependence are presented in the article. This article provides the results of the development of the project on the organization of comprehensive rehabilitation services for chemically dependent people, which is based on a comprehensive program of medical, psycho-social assistance to people dependent on drugs, psychotropic substances and alcohol. The basic blocks of the program, including tasks and forms of work for each of the blocks are described.

The article points out that the existence of the problem of double diagnoses (DD) in psychiatry and addictology means recognizing the fact that «addiction» is a mental illness and, therefore, a brain disorder. There are common areas in the brain that are responsible for the formation of addictive pathology and for the development of other mental illnesses. It explains the high comorbidity between disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, and other mental illnesses. The factors of predisposition to the development of addictive pathology include: family burden with addictive pathology, early onset of use of psychoactive substances, social stress situation, and mental illness. The artificial separation of psychiatry and addictology into two services in Russia is a historical mistake. A new paradigm of dependent disorders emphasizes the need to create a special section on double disorders, with the revision of this archaic model.

With the increasing number of smokers and smoking-related diseases, especially among adolescents, the forms and methods of effective prevention of smoking are becoming particularly relevant. The problem of health and healthy lifestyle of the younger generation is the need for a comprehensive approach to the study and search for new means and measures that form the setting for a healthy lifestyle of a teenager, as in adolescence, impaired health is reversible and amenable to correction. tobacco smoking, addiction, healthy lifestyle.

According to the author, modern rehabilitation facilities do not have psychological tool that helps people with chemical addictions to optimize their life orientations. The research methods: analysis of psychological literature on this subject; testing; method of mathematical data processing (Mann-Whitney U test, correlation analyses of data). Dependent persons have lowered indicators of reason to live and meaningful orientations. Their personal development is hampered because of a lower level of perception of the integral time of their life. They have higher level of such destructive orientations as confrontational coping, running away from a problem and higher level of constructive orientations – orientation on the solution of the problem, acceptance of responsibility and a positive reassessment of the situation. Sometimes constructive coping is associated with indicators related to the difficulties of personal development. Addicted persons’ tendency toward prosocial behavior is high. At the same time, the helping behavior is more pronounced, when the respondents believe in themselves and in people less. Based on the findings, the Program of Measures, accompanying the rehabilitation of dependent persons, has been compiled.

The article describes current drug situation in Russia, the forecast for its development in Russia, the system of measures of drug control and the reduction of the number of drug-dependent persons, as well as the reduction of crimes in the field of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

The article examines the problem of the effectiveness of preventing Internet addiction and analyzes possible options for preventing Internet addiction among younger schoolchildren. The author suggests addressing the problem in a comprehensive manner, developing social and pedagogical prevention programs using the potential of the educational environment and taking into account the specific interests and needs of specific students.

According to the authors among the new psychoactive substances, the number of which is growing every year, despite the measures aimed at the obstacles to their dissemination there discovered the most frequent violations of psychotic conditions associated with use of synthetic cannabinoid in clinical practice. On the black market, they are distributed through online shops, under the guise of herbal mixtures for Smoking. When ingested, this group of drugs at the peak of intoxication raises a number of mental (different according to the depth of impaired consciousness, auditory and visual hallucinations, panic attacks, acute psychotic paranoid disorders, catatonic stupor, polar affective disorders, acute polythematic delusional symptoms) and somatic disorders (disorders of heart rhythm and conduction, acute ischemic disorders, hypertension, depression of respiratory activity, violation of thermoregulation, development of acute renal failure, vomiting, expressed cephalgia, clinic of hypokalemia). In the reviewed literature and authors own observations there have been discovered some cases of mental addiction development to synthetic cannabinoids. The analysis of new literature data and own clinical observations helped the authors to compare the psychotropic effects caused by this group of drugs, relative to other known surfactants. The toxic effects of CSC on the body greatly exceeds the use of plant cannabinoids, and it has almost the same effects as the synthetic cathinone’s. The speed of formation of psychological dependence is lower compared to synthetic cathinone. Developing current strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients who use synthetic cannabinoids remains an important task for practical healthcare.

According to the authors, appeared not long ago new psychoactive substances (designer drugs), including synthetic cannabinoids, derivatives of cathinone, phenethylamines, new stimulants, synthetic opioids, tryptamine derivatives, phencyclidine, piperazine, agonists of GABA (A/B) receptors have become a serious problem for both consumers and doctors. Consumers of these substances are attracted primarily by the intensity of psychoactive effects, as well as «legal purity», which is declared by shadow producers. This indicates that there are some significant difficulties of laboratory typing of new surfactants. Designer drugs when ingested, can affect a range of neurotransmitter pathways/receptors: dopamine, cannabinoid (CB1), GABA(A/B), 5-HT2A, glutamate, and k-opioid receptors (KOR), the imbalance of which leads to the development of polymorphic psychotic disorders.

The statistical research of a problem of smoking among students оf Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute is conducted. On the basis of data of sociological poll the smoking reasons, influence of a tabakozavisimost of relatives on formation of a habit of smoking, influence of smoking on progress of students are analysed

This article describes the theory of individual’s informational socialization; new types of social and informational trainees’ deviations; social and pedagogical point of view on preventative measures for internet addicted children and teenagers by means of system organization of students’ informational and pedagogical support under the conditions of social and information security risks. The author concludes that there is a need in individual’s informational world-image formation as a pedagogical condition, affecting students’ informational socialization and complex internet influence, because there are development and realization possibilities of individual’s creativity in new realities of informational society together with negative effect on children.

The article addresses the problem of co-dependence, namely, the psychological state of the family with co-dependence in the frame of different approaches. Also, the authors explain the results of research that was aimed at studying the base conditions in the families with the phenomena of addictive behaviors. The results of current research can be used for development of effective psychological assistance in the families that have problems connected with alcoholism and drug addiction.

The article focuses on the process of drug addiction forming among British youth as a major social problem at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.

The following article demonstrates the results of experience-experimental work on methodics "test-questionnaire for detecting computer addiction.

This article determines categoric device of behaviour addiction problem, methodics of diagnosing and its interpretation in the framework of carried research. Parents' help in case of behaviour addictions prevention among children is very actual.